01. Metallography

Metallography is preparation of specimen (of metals and alloys) for microscopic examination and the study of microstructure in relation to the physical and mechanical properties of that particular material. Metallography is extensively done in materials’ research and industrial quality control.

Metallography analysis typically involves development of microstructure of metals and alloys and observation of same under microscope. To develop the microstructure a sample is to be cut by abrasive or diamond blade, mounted in resin, polished to the mirror finish level and etched with appropriate etchant. Etching shall reveal the microstructure which shall be observed under microscope and can be analyzed by expert with or without dedicated Image Analyzer.

Three distinct Stages of Metallography Analysis are

1. 1. Sample Preparation (Cutting, Mounting, Polishing, Etching)
2. 2. Observation of Microstructure (under Metallurgical Microscope)
3. 3. Analysis (Manually by expert or with the help of Image Analyzer)

Conation Technologies offers complete range of equipment for Metallography Analysis; right from sample sectioning to Image Analyzer.

These Three stages are accomplished with

1. 1. Metallurgical Sample Preparation Machines
2. 2. Microscopy Range – SuXma Series (Metallurgical Microscopes)
3. 3. Image Analyzers (Metallography Image Analyzer)

Some of the very critical applications served are

1. 150 mm dia induction hardened job sectioning having cutting length more than 300 mm (Total job length more than 1 mtr)

02. Welding Analysis

Macroscopic examination of weld joints evaluates the resultant quality of weld process done. A common macro test is weld cross section examination to reveal internal discontinuities, weld profile, weld passes and sequence, extent of penetration and the quality of weld. The macrostructural properties of a weldment can then be used as a component of weld procedure qualification or welder qualification.

Macroscopic test usually involves same stages as done in Metallography analysis; notable difference being in microscope used for viewing and analysis.3 distinct Stages of Weld Macro test are

1. 1. Sample Preparation (Cutting, Mounting, Polishing, Etching)
2. 2. Observation of Macrostructure (Under Stereozoom Microscope)
3. 3. Analysis (Manually by expert or with the help of Image Analyzer)

Conation Technologies offers complete range of equipment for Weld analysis; right from sample sectioning to Image Analyzer.

These Three stages are accomplished with

1. 1. Metallurgical Sample Preparation Machines
2. 2. Microscopy Range – SuXma Series (Metallurgical Microscopes)
3. 3. Image Analyzers (Metallography Image Analyzer)

03. Petrography and Cement Clinker Analysis

Cement microscopy is a very valuable technique, used for examining clinker, cement, raw materials, raw feed and coal. Every stage of the cement manufacturing process can be improved through the use of a microscope. Most cement microscopy is done using a petrographic microscope. Usually the specimen is a polished section of cement clinker examined using reflected light, although it may be a powder mount or a thin section examined using transmitted light.

Details of the history of a clinker can be seen - raw material fineness and homogeneity, clinker composition, temperature profile in the kiln, for example. From this information, the likely performance of the cement can be predicted or the cause of production problems identified such as poor combinability, or low grindability.

Petrology optical microscopy techniques are used in the petrographic characterization of mineral textures and fabrics of rocks, soils and unconsolidated sediments as well as anthropogenic materials (e.g. cements and wastes).

Petrography / Cement Clinker Analysis usually involves same stages as done in Metallography analysis; notable difference being in microscope used for viewing and analysis. Here Microscope is essentially upright with polarizer facility, reflected & transmitted light and with other features such as revolving round stage, Bertrand Lens, optical conpensator etc.

Distinct Stages of such analyses are

1. 1. Sample Preparation (Cutting-thin slicing, Mounting, Polishing, Etching)
2. 2. Observation of Microstructure (under Metallurgical Microscope)
3. 3. Analysis (Manually by expert or with the help of Image Analyzer)

Conation Technologies offers complete range of equipment for Petrography/Cement Clinker Analysis; right from sample sectioning to Image Analyzer. Petrography sample preparation many times requires very thin sectioning facility and ultra precision grinding/polishing machine.

These Three stages are accomplished with

1. 1. Sample Preparation Machines (Diamond Sectioning machine, grinding/polishing, etching)
2. 2. Microscopy Range – SuXma Series (Metallurgical Microscopes)
3. 3. Image Analyzers (Metallography Image Analyzer)

04. Pharmaceutics

Conation Technologies has specially developed Particle Image Analyzer for Pharmaceutical Particle Analysis. The system is compliant to CFR 21 and offers customized reports.

05. Cleanliness Analysis

Critical components in engine system that carry fluids or air are prone to failure due o contaminations from manufacturing processes. These dust or foreign particles can cause degradation of surface finish, contamination in lubricants or fuels causing failure of components, and even engine seizure in extreme cases. Cleanliness of these components must be thoroughly checked before final assembly.

Cleanliness analysis involves cleaning of component, collecting contaminants on filter paper, weighing them and analyzing particles for size and nature. Particle analysis require complete scanning of filter paper, capturing all particles in image which requires multiple scans, size measurement and expertise to analyze individual particles to distinguish as Metallic, Non-metallic and Fibres; so that their sources can be identified.

Two distinct Stages of Cleanliness Analysis are

1. 1. Sample Preparation (Cleaning of component, Filtration and Drying of filter paper)
2. 2. Analysis
   1. Gravimetry (with precision balance)
   2. Particle Analysis (with Microscope and Particle Image Analyzer)

Conation Technologies offers complete range of equipment for Cleanliness analysis; right from sample cleaning to Particle Image Analyzer.

Conation Technologies also develop special cleaning chambers, manual to fully automatic cleaning systems as per component designs and customer requirements.